Cov tshuaj qias neeg siv tshuaj tua kab yog qhov tsim kev puas tsuaj heev. Nrog rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov tebchaws tau nce siab, cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, cov kev tshawb fawb tau nce mus, cov tshuaj qias neeg siv dej ua qoob loo nce zuj zus tuaj. Ntau lub chaw soj nstuam tso tawm cov dej khib nyiab mus rau hauv lub dab dej tsis muaj kev kho mob. Cov dej cawv hauv cov dej khib nyiab muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, muaj ntau cov tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj phem xws li kua qaub, alkali, cyanide, chromium, arsenide, phenol, benzene, thiab lwm yam. Yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj, npaum li cas, lub zog-txuag, thaj chaw zoo nkauj, thiab kev siv tshuaj tua kab dej khib nyiab. Niaj hnub no, nws tau hais tias chav tshuaj lom neeg them nqi rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab.
Ua ib tug kws tshuaj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau peb los qhia qhov kev coj zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim ib qho piv txwv hauv cov kev nqis tes ua los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
1. Khoom ua tau thiab txheej xwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg
1. 1 Kev tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg kuaj dej
Kev tsim cov tshuaj chemical wastewater ntau lawm yog los ntawm kev sim tshuaj thiab cov kev tshawb nrhiav tshawb nrhiav hauv cov tebchaws. Qhov tsis meej, hloov tau thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sim dej ua si yog nws tus yam ntxwv. Kev sim cov dej khib nyiab yog muab faib ua cov concentration thiab cov concentration dej khov qis, cov khoom siv dej khov siab. Feem ntau cov dej uas tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb tom qab ntawm daim ntawv lo ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg, cov kua reagents uas tau ua tsis tau, lub derivatives thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim, kev ntxuav dej tom qab cov kev sim tshuaj lom neeg mob heev, thiab cov khoom qias neeg qhov ib puag ncig, uas yuav ua rau tib neeg yuav tsum them nyiaj txaus rau nws. Qhov dej ntawm cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau yog cov dej ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab uas siv tshuaj lom neeg, cov tshuaj kua tshuaj, kua qaub thiab ua ntsev, cov tshuaj lom cov tshuaj khib nyiab pov tseg thiab dej sim.
1. 2 Txoj cai ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab (chemical laboratory)
Raws li lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab, nws muab faib ua cov dej khib nyiab, organic wastewater thiab wastewater. Cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau muaj hlau hnyav xws li mercury, lead, chromium thiab cyanide, arsenide thiab fluoride. Cov organic wastewater tsuas yog muaj phenol, benzene, nitro compounds, polycyclic uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls thiab lwm yam carcinogens. Cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov pa thiab cov pa uas tsis muaj dej, thiab ob qho tib si. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev sim cov dej khib nyiab yog cov dej khib nyiab, uas yog kho dej.
2. Tshuaj lom neeg kuaj dej khib nyiab
Muaj ze li ntawm 100 hom tshuaj reagents thiab cov tshuaj siv hauv chaw kuaj tshuaj lom neeg, thiab muaj ntau txhiab leej. Tam sim no, muaj ntau yam kev sim kawm hauv peb lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov kev sim muaj xws li kev tshawb nrhiav cov cuab yeej ntawm lub cev, cov qauv kev ntsuam xyuas ntau npaum li cas, kev sim organic synthesis thiab cov organic teeb meem extraction thwmsim. Cov tshuaj reagents siv muaj xws li cov kua qaub, alkalis, hnyav hlau cov ntsev, phenols thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj pa phem heev rau ib puag ncig, thiab ntau lub reagents thiab lawv cov khib nyiab pov tseg xws li ntau cov acids thiab cov hauv paus, hnyav hlau ntsev thiab cov organic muaj teeb meem rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Qee qhov ntawm lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam ntev ntev thiab nyuab nyuab heev; qee cov neeg muaj lub ntsej muag rau hauv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov khoom noj muag khoom noj thiab ua rau muaj teebmeem lom; qee qhov ua rau tib paug qis qis thaum lub sijhawm degradation.
Nrog rau lub teb chaws qhov kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv, ntau thiab ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov chaw ua tshuaj yuav ua rau cov neeg xav tau kev pab kho tom qab siv tas. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sij hawm, yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb qib siab chemistry yuav tsum tau ua tus coj.