Dab tsi yog biosafety txee
A Biosafety txee(BSC)yog qhov chaw kuaj hluav taws xob ua lag luam ua haujlwm uas siv siab - Kev ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv tib neeg, khoom lag luam, thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm cov microbe txaus ntshai. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ib qho chaw ua haujlwm uas huab cua los ntawm kev lim los ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej ua ntej tso tawm. Txhua yam haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib kis yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv BSC kom tiv thaiv kev tso tawm cov paug tsis huv.
Hauv kev xyaum, ib BSC muab peb txheej txheem tiv thaiv: nws tiv thaiv tus kws ua haujlwm saib xyuas, thiab ntau chav, nws kuj tau ua qauv. Cov txee no tau dhau los ua lag luam muaj nyob rau xyoo 1950 thiab tam sim no cov qauv txheem txheem hauv cov qauv me me thiab kev kho mob lab.
Biosafety txee qib
Biosafety txee yog categorized rau hauvPeb chav kawm tseem ceebraws li theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv lawv tau muab. Cov chav kawm no txhais tau los ntawm cov chaw lis haujlwm zoo li Asmeskas cov chaw rau cov kab mob kev tswj hwm thiab kev tiv thaiv (CDC) thiab cov koom haum qauv. Cov chav kawm sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov pa cua ntws los ntawm cov txee thiab twg ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv lawv muab.
- Chav kawm iCov tub ceev muaj kev tiv thaiv rau tus neeg teb xov tooj thiab ib puag ncig, tab sis tsis yog rau cov khoom (cov qauv hauv sab hauv). Huab cua yog kos rau hauv cov txee thiab lim ua ntej kev tso pa, tiv thaiv tus neeg siv, tab sis chav tsis tau sau rau hauv chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm saud. Hoob kuv muab Airflow zoo ib yam li lub kaus mom haus thiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog lossis rov ua haujlwm rau chav kuaj tom qab lim.
- Hoob IItxee yog hom feem ntau. Lawv tiv thaiv tus neeg teb xov tooj, ib puag ncig, thiab kuj cov khoom. Lawv muaj qhib pem hauv ntej nrog cov huab cua sab hauv ntws los tiv thaiv tus neeg siv, thiab qis hepa {2} Lim Laminar ntws los tiv thaiv cov qauv. Kev tso pa cua yog tseem hepa - lim. Cov chav kawm II tuaj rau ntau hom (A2, B1, B1, B2, C1) uas txawv hauv cov qauv Airflow thiab kev tso pa tawm.
- Hoob IIItub ceev yog qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom. Cov no tau muab tso rau tag nrho, huab cua - nruj "hnab looj tes thawv" nrog cov hnab looj tes ntim nrog rau sab xub ntiag. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab tawm los ntawm cov pa tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem ua tiav. Lub txee nyob hauv qab tsis zoo kom cov cua tsuas yog ntws hauv, thiab tag nrho cov pa tawm yog ob npaug {4} priced lossis incinerated. Chav kawm III yog siv rau cov pathogens feem ntau.
Txhua chav kawm BSC muaj kev nyab xeeb rau siv nrog cov qib biosafety sib txawv (BSL) ntawm cov neeg sawv cev. Cov chav kawm I thiab II yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm nrog qis rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg mob hnyav (txog ntawm BSL-3), thaum chav kawm III yog tsim rau qib siab (BSL-4) pathogens.
Hoob I Biosafety txee
A Hoob I Biosafety txeeyog qhov yooj yim tsim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua kom muaj zog tso pa rau cov neeg teb xov tooj thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb txog cov chav kawm kuv yog tub rog:
Kev Tiv Thaiv:Lawv tiv thaiv tus neeg ua haujlwm (lab) thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm aerosols, tab sis lawv uatsisTiv thaiv cov khoom (cov qauv) los ntawm kev sib kis sab nraud. Vim tias chav nyob pa tawm mus rau hauv cov txee, cov qauv hauv sab hauv tuaj yeem ua rau cov paug tsis huv.
Airflow:Huab cua yog kos rau hauv pem hauv ntej qhib, hla dhau thaj chaw ua haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd mus dhau ntawm HEPA lim ua ntej tawm. Qhov no tsim cov qauv cua zoo sib xws rau cov tshuaj fume fume hood tab sis nrog hepa pom ntawm lub tso pa tawm. Lub Airflow tsis yog recirculated rov qab rau hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm, yog li txhua yam cua ntawm lub txee yog lim thiab sab sab.
Cov Ntawv Thov:Cov chav kawm kuv cov tub rog tau siv rau cov neeg sawv cev tsawg (biosafety qib 1-3). Lawv feem ntau siv los muab cov cuab yeej siv lossis cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov aerosols, xws li centrifuges, tab sis lawv tsis haum thaum xav tau. Hauv cov haujlwm niaj hnub, chav kawm kuv yog suav tias yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsis tshua muaj ntau dua li chav kawm II.
Chav Kawm 2 Biosafety txee
A Chav Kawm 2 Biosafety txeeyog tsim los tiv thaiv tus neeg siv, cov qauv, thiab ib puag ncig tag nrho ib zaug. Cov chav kawm II muaj kev qhib pem hauv ntej nrog cov huab cua sab hauv thiab qis dua Laminar ntws ntawm cov cua lim rau cov haujlwm saum npoo. Lawv muab:
- Cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv:Sab hauv airflow rau ntawm lub xub ntiag qhib ua kom muaj kuab paug los ntawm kev tawm tsam thaj chaw ua haujlwm.
- Cov khoom tiv thaiv:Downward, Hepa {{{0} Lim Laminar Laminar Airflow tshaj qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv lub txee los ntawm cov neeg siv lossis sab nraud ib puag ncig.
- Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig:Tag nrho cov pa cua yog hepa - lim.
Cov chav kawm II yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm nrog pathogens ntawm BSL-1, BSL-2, thiab BSL-3. MuajTsib HomNtawm cov tub kawm II txee (ntaus A1, A2, B1, B2, thiab C1). Cov hom sib txawv hauv cov qauv airflow, recirculation, thiab yuav ua li cas yog.
| Txee Hom | Cua | Pa ncho | Kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chav Kawm Hnub II Hom A1 | Thawv tawm ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm ~ 75 FPM; downward hepa - lim air}} air airflow; ~ 70% recirculated sab hauv | Hepa -} Cov cua tuaj yeem ua rau cua rov qab mus rau hauv chav tsev lossis sab nraud ntawm canopy |
Rau cov neeg sawv cev roj ntsha tsuas yog; tsis haum rau volatile tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov radionuclides vim muaj cua reirculation |
| Chav Kawm Hnub II Hom A2 | Zoo ib yam li A1 tab sis nrog siab dua ua rau (~ 100 fpm); ~ 70% recirculated | Tuaj yeem sib xyaw rov qab mus rau hauv chav tsev lossis sab nraud los ntawm cov nplooj saum toj | Nyab xeeb tshaj A1; ua haujlwm me me ntawm tsis - kev siv tshuaj lom yog venedly tsim nyog; Tsis yog rau cov roj loj ntawm cov roj toxic |
| Chav Kawm Hnub II Hom B1 | Nplawm ~ 100 fpm; downflow feem ntau yog recirculated, tab sis tig rov qab dav hlau sab sab | ~ 30% ntawm huab cua (nraub qaum cia) yog hepa - pricued thiab nyuaj- ducted tawm | Haum rau cov nqi ntawm cov tshuaj lom lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis radionuclides hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm tom qab; Cov khoom tiv thaiv yog tswj tau |
| Chav Kawm Hnub II Hom B2 | Nplawm ~ 100 fpm; tsis muaj recirculation txhua; 100% hepa - price filted downflow | Tag nrho cov kev tso tawm ntawm kev sib duct; Tsis muaj rov qab rau chav | Qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov tshuaj phom sij lossis radionuclides; muab cov khoom muaj peev xwm tshaj thiab muaj menyuam tsis muaj menyuam |
| Chav kawm II hom C1 | Dual -} Hom: tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua recirculating (zoo li A2) lossis sab sab sab sab nraud (zoo li B1); cim cov aav rau txhua tus | ~ 60% ntawm airflow sab sab; hom tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog duct hloov kho kev hloov kho thiab rov hais dua | Siv tau; hloov ntawm A2 hom (kev ua haujlwm dav dav) thiab B1 hom (tshuaj tua kab); Haum rau ntau yam xav tau kev xav tau |
Chav kawm III biosafety txee
A Chav kawm III biosafety txeeyog qhov siab tshaj plaws -} muaj cov txee, feem ntau hu ua "Hnab Looj." Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Tag nrho cov ntim khoom:Lub txee yog roj -} nruj thiab tag nrho ntawm cov. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ncav cuag sab hauv los ntawm cov hnab looj tes roj hmab hnyav nrog cov chaw nres nkoj pem hauv ntej ntawm lub txee. Qhov no ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua rau huab cua lossis microbes kom khiav mus rau hauv chav.
- Khoom hloov:Muaj Pass Tshwj Xeeb -} los ntawm kev lag luam (qee zaum siv lub tshuab dunklave) yog li cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thaum nkag los lossis tawm hauv cov txee.
- Airflow:Lub txee nyob rau hauv qab tsis zoo. Txhua tus neeg lim dej hauv HEPA, thiab tag nrho cov pa cua yog ob npaug- priceed lossis incinerated ua ntej tso tawm. Cov khoom siv txawm muab tso rau sab hauv yuav tsum tau tsim tshwj xeeb kom haum rau ntawm kev sib khi ib puag ncig.
- Siv:Chav kawm III muab kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws rau tus neeg teb xov tooj, cov qauv, thiab ib puag ncig. Lawv siv rau cov kev phom sij tshaj plaws (qib biosafety 4). Txhua txoj haujlwm nrog cov neeg sawv cev ua ke lossis cov neeg sawv cev hauv chav kawm hauv chav kawm III.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, chav kawm III bscs cais cov haujlwm sab hauv lub thawv kaw, hos I thiab II Tso cai qhib chaw haujlwm (nrog kev lim dej). Chav Kawm III yog tib yam nkaus uas txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib chwv ncaj qha ntawm tus neeg siv thiab cov khoom siv hnab looj tes tshwj xeeb thiab kev hloov tsheb.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm peb chav kawm
Ntawm no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chav kawm I, II, thiab III bii bii biosafety txee:
- Kev tiv thaiv tau muab:Chav kawm kuv tub ceev tiv thaiv tus neeg siv thiab chav kuaj sim chaw tab sisTsis tiv thaiv cov khoomCov. Cov chav kawm II uas tiv thaiv tus neeg siv, cov khoom (kuaj (qauv), thiab ib puag ncig txhua lub sijhawm. Cov Chav Kawm III tiv thaiv txhua yam hauv cov txee vim tias lawv tau ntim nrog txhua yam.
- Airflow thiab cov:Chav kawm i thiab feem ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm qib II muajQhib pem hauv ntejnrog sab hauv airflow ntawm sash. Lawv siv HEPA lim rau ntawm lub tso pa. Chav kawm III sabinets yogKaw nrog cov hnab looj tes txuas, tsis muaj kev qhib kev nkag mus; Lawv siv ob chav lim dej HEP ob lub Hepa thiab kho rau ntawm txoj kev tso pa.
- Recirculation ntawm huab cua:Hauv chav kawm kuv tsis muaj recirculation (tag nrho huab cua yog hepa - pricued thiab sab sab). Hauv chav kawm qib 2, qee hom (A2 / A2 / B1 / B1 / B1 / C1 nyob rau hauv {6} hom} hom ntawm huab cua tom qab lim. Hom B2 thiab chav kawm III tsis rho tawm huab cua.
- Tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke:Chav kawm i thiab txheem qib II A1 / A2 yogtsisHaum rau cov tshuaj muaj kuab lom, vim tias qee lossis txhua huab cua yog sib dhos. Chav kawm II B1, B2, thiab C1 tuaj yeem ua tau cov tshuaj me me vim tias lawv ua kom huab cua tsis huv ntxiv. Chav Kawm III tseem tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj lom neeg (hauv nws lub kaw lus kaw) nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog.
- Biosafety qib (BSL) siv:Chav kawm I thiab II feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm xav tau BSL-1, BSL-2, lossis BSL-3 muaj. Cov chav kawm III yuav tsum muaj rau BSL-4 ua haujlwm nrog cov kev phom sij tshaj plaws.
Tag
Biosafety coolinerts yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv lub chaw soj nstuam rau kev tiv thaiv tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig thaum tuav cov neeg sawv cev sib kis tau. Tuspeb chav kawmntawm cov txee -} Kuv, Chav Kawm Txuj Ci II, thiab Chav II {} Sib txawv hauv kev tiv thaiv lawv muab. Chav kawm I yog hom kev yooj yim tshaj plaws, muab kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg siv thiab ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb tab sis tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov qauv. Chav Kawm Ntawv II yog hom feem ntau, sib txuas tiv thaiv rau tus neeg siv, cov khoom lag luam, thiab ib puag ncig; Nws los hauv ntau hom (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1) kom haum cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Chav Kawm III muaj cov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws, kev cais tawm hauv kev sib khi, cov hnab looj tes {10} nkag mus rau qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws.
Thaum xaiv lub txee, ib qho yuav tsum xav txog qib kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg sawv cev roj ntsha thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij. Rau kev niaj hnub micobiology (txog BSL-3), chav kawm qib II BSC (feem ntau ntaus A2) feem ntau tsim nyog. Rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov kab mob txaus ntshai lossis cov khoom muaj kuab lom loj, chav kawm III txee lossis chav kawm tshwj xeeb II (B2 / C1). Los ntawm kev xaiv chav kawm kom tsim nyog ntawm Biosafety txee thiab tom qab cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb, chaw soj ntsuam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev raug mob thiab ua kom pom tseeb.