Laboratory kev tiv thaiv hluav taws tsim yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev kuaj kev nyab xeeb tsim. Thaum lub chaw tswj xyuas cov kuab tshuaj flammable, cov tshuaj reactive, los yog siab - cov cuab yeej siv siab, hluav taws kub thiab tawg feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm -tsuas yog tswj tau. Rau cov thawj coj hauv lub chaw kuaj mob, cov kws npaj cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab pab pawg muag khoom soj ntsuam kev tsim kho tshiab lossis kho dua tshiab, tau txais cov qauv tsim vaj tsev, lub tswv yim ua pa, thiab cov txheej txheem xwm txheej kub ntxhov nyob rau theem tsim yuav raug nqi ntau dua - zoo dua li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tom qab.
Architectural Design of Laboratory Building in Laboratory Design
Cov chaw soj nstuam uas muaj hluav taws kub thiab tawg phom sij yuav tsum feem ntau nyob hauv ib lub tsev kuaj kev ywj pheej. Feem ntau, lub tsev no yuav tsum yog ib leeg - zaj dab neeg lossis hauv av- pem teb, nrog rau kev sib cais hluav taws txaus los ntawm cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig. Kev teeb tsa ntawm chav kuaj hauv lub tsev yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kev phom sij tshaj qhov dav dav, organic tshaj inorganic," yog li ntawd yog tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim, qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, sab sauv, thiab qis dua yuav raug txo los yog tshem tawm - txhawb nqa ob qho tib si kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm khiav tawm thiab ceev ceev ntawm qhov xwm txheej.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kev pheej hmoo siab - cov chaw soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo, xws li cov chaw sim hydrogenation thiab autoclave labs, yuav tsum nyob rau hauv pem teb hauv av ze ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv, nrog kev ywj pheej nkag thiab tawm. Raws li txoj cai dav dav, lub tsev kuaj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob txoj kev nkag mus rau sab nraud, thiab txhua lub tsev yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg ob qhov nkag thiab tawm. Txhua lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum muaj ob txoj kev tawm mus rau ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev, nyob deb li deb tau. Qhov dav ntawm qhov rooj yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 90 cm, thiab qhov deb ntawm txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm sab hauv tsev mus rau qhov rooj tawm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25 m. Rau cov chaw sim me me (piv txwv li, 6 m × 6 m), ib qho kev tawm tuaj yeem txuas mus rau qhov chaw kuaj mob uas nyob ib sab, tab sis qhov kev tawm thib ob yuav tsum ntsib txoj kev hauv tsev. Cov chaw kuaj mob loj dua feem ntau xav tau ob lossis ntau qhov tawm ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev los yog ze rau ntawm tus ntaiv.
Dedicated Facility Configuration rau Laboratory Design
Fais fab mov
Cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm, nrog rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab sub- fais fab hloov. Cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw dej raws li qhov ua tau, thiab tag nrho cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob thiab lub qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum siv tawg- pov thawj tsim. Cov khoom siv lub qhov (sockets) yuav tsum suav nrog ob qho - qhov thiab peb - qhov kev teeb tsa nrog cov npog tiv thaiv, muab tso rau qhov twg xav tau thiab nruab rau sab ntawm lub rooj zaum kom tsis txhob muaj luv luv los ntawm cov kua txaws.
Cov cuab yeej cua tshuab
Tag nrho cov huab cua ntshiab uas muab rau hauv chav kuaj yuav tsum los ntawm sab nraud thiab sab nraud tag nrho - pa taws hood yuav tsum tsis txhob rov qab nyob hauv tsev.Fume hoodsfeem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv sab sauv - pa tawm, qis - pa pa, thiab ua ke sab sauv - thiab - qis - pa configurations. Kev xaiv feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom raug tso tawm: qis dua - cov pa pa tawm cov khoom hnyav dua li huab cua, sab sauv - cov pa pa tawm haum cov ntaub ntawv sib zog dua huab cua, thiab cov hom sib xyaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom tsis ruaj khov, nrog rau qhov tso pa tawm hloov raws li qhov tseeb.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia, raws li kev xyaum tsim qauv hauv chav kuaj, tias lub fume hood yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ib qho chaw ua pa hauv chav. Ib qho ntxiv hood yuav tsum tau muab ntsia saum toj ntawm txhua yam cuab yeej uas yuav tsim cov khoom phom sij, rau qhov cua hauv zos. Fume hood countertops yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cement; yog siv lub txee ntoo los hloov, nws yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov dej tsis zoo thiab nplaim taws- cov txheej txheem retardant kom tiv taus qhov kub siab.
Lab Bench Layout
Clearance ntawm oblab benchesfeem ntau yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 60 cm thaum ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txhua sab, tsis pub tsawg dua 130 cm thaum plaub tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ob sab, thiab tsis pub tsawg dua 150 cm thaum ntau tshaj plaub tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ob sab. Qhov dav dav ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 60 cm rau ib leeg - sab kev ua haujlwm thiab tsis pub tsawg dua 90 cm rau ob- kev ua haujlwm nrog plaub tus neeg. Qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv chav kuaj thiab phab ntsa (los yog cov pilasters thiab cov kav dej) yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 55 cm.
Laboratory txee
Me mekhoom txeeyuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub chaw kuaj mob rau cov tshuaj reagents xav tau nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv. Cov txee no yuav tsum muaj cov hluav taws kub zoo, ua kom muaj cua txaus, thiab cov xim muaj kev nyab xeeb meej -coding, kom khaws cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov khoom phom sij khaws cia zoo. Raws li kev xyaum ua tau zoo, qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom phom sij khaws cia hauv chav kuaj yuav tsum nruj tswj hwm - cov khoom siv tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tam sim no yuav tsum tsis txhob muab khaws cia rau hauv - qhov chaw, lossis tsis siv rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Pipeline Tsim
Labs feem ntau xav tau dej, hluav taws xob, roj, thiab compressed cua pipelines raws li kev sim xav tau. Cov khoom siv kav dej yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg txaus, nrog rau qhov sib nrug kom zoo ntawm cov kab. Valves rau roj, superheated chav, thiab compressed cua yuav tsum muaj xim - los yog zoo li -coded los tiv thaiv tsis meej pem, thiab valve txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum qhib / kaw raws li txoj cai nyob rau hauv ib saib. Lub ntsiab kev nyab xeeb kaw rau hluav taws xob, roj, compressed cua, thiab superheated chav kab yuav tsum nyob rau sab nraum lub chaw soj nstuam.
Qhov chaw ntawm Tshuaj nyob rau hauv Laboratory Design
Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab khaws cia raws li lawv cov khoom, ua raws li kev tshawb fawb khaws cia. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus khaws cia muaj xws li:
Khaws cov hlau nquag sib cais los ntawm cov kua qaub;
Ua kom muaj zog oxidants sib cais los ntawm kev txo cov neeg ua haujlwm;
Khaws cov khoom thiab cov kua dej sib cais;
foob thiab khaws cov khoom tsis zoo;
Khaws cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus sib cais;
Siv tshwj xeeb tuav rau cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb.
Piv txwv li: sodium thiab potassium hlau yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv kerosene; lithium hlau yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv paraffin; phosphorus dawb yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv dej; poov tshuaj chlorate thiab ammonium nitrate yuav tsum tsis txhob tov nrog combustibles thiab yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov kom tsis txhob tawg; cawv thiab lwm yam flammables yuav tsum tau muab kaw thiab cia kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub; lub teeb- cov khoom rhiab heev (xws li concentrated nitric acid lossis silver nitrate) yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv lub raj mis xim av hauv qhov chaw txias; iodine yuav tsum tau ntim nrog paraffin nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv kaw; hydrofluoric acid yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv lub raj mis yas; cov hauv paus yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv lub raj mis reagent nrog roj hmab stoppers; thiab bromine yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv ib lub foob dej.
Kev Npaj Hluav Taws-Kev Sib Tw Hauv Chav Ua Haujlwm Tsim
Hluav taws kub- Cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua
Lub tsev kuaj yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov kav hluav taws xob, cov tshuab tua hluav taws ua npuas dej, CO2 extinguishers, qhuav hmoov extinguishers, carbon tetrachloride extinguishers, "1211" extinguishers, thiab xuab zeb thawv. Txhua lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab tua hluav taws me me rau hauv tsev, nrog rau hom tshwj xeeb uas tau xaiv raws li lub chaw kuaj xyuas qhov phom sij. Cov tua hluav taws loj dua, cov kav dej tua hluav taws, thiab cov thawv xuab zeb feem ntau yog ntsia rau hauv txoj kev hauv tsev. Cov hluav taws kub hnyiab yuav tsum suav nrog cov tshuaj tsuag tshuaj kho tau (xws li ob -theem centrifugal nozzles) rau kev tua hluav taws uas muaj roj thiab cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub. Txhua lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum khaws tsawg kawg ib daim pam hluav taws ntawm tes, txhawm rau tua hluav taws kub sai sai; qhov twg tej yam kev mob tso cai, cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws kuj tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tua hluav taws thiab ua haujlwm cawm lub sijhawm.
Antivirus / tiv thaiv ua pa
Txhua pem teb yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lim los yog cais gas qhov ncauj qhov ntswg los txhawb kev tua hluav taws thiab kev cawm siav raws sijhawm. Lub npog ntsej muag yuav tsum txaus rau tsawg kawg 30 feeb ntawm kev ua pa.
Tswb System
Cov chaw soj nstuam ua haujlwm nrog cov pa phem heev yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tswb nrov, yog li thaum muaj qhov xau, cov chaw sim nyob ze tuaj yeem ceeb toom sai. Lub tswb tuaj yeem siv lub tswb lossis sirens.
Teeb pom kev sib tsoo
Lub tsev kuaj mob yuav tsum muaj lub zog hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los tswj cov teeb pom kev hauv kev khiav tawm thiab cov chaw tseem ceeb, nrog rau lub zog rau cov chaw tseem ceeb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thaum muaj hluav taws xob. Lub hwj chim xwm txheej ceev feem ntau yog los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaub qab lossis cov roj teeb thaub qab. Standby generators yuav tsum txhawb cov chaw taws teeb lossis tsis siv neeg pib. Txhawm rau txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sim hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub zog tsis ua haujlwm, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaub qab yuav tsum rov qab teeb pom kev hauv 45 vib nas this, ntawm kwv yees li 1/8 ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo. Cov teeb pom kev kub ntxhov thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm txoj kev khiav tawm, tawm mus, thiab stairwells tuaj yeem khiav ntawm cov roj teeb thaub qab, nrog lub teeb pom kev tsis qis dua 1 lux. Lub teeb pom kev kub ntxhov nrog qhov pom tseeb, siab - pom cov cim xim yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ze ze ntawm cov khoom siv phom sij, ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov chav tswj hwm thiab cov kev khiav tawm, sab saum toj kev nyab xeeb tawm, thiab ntawm cov ntaiv thiab cov kab hauv qab. Cov ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev khiav tawm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tawm thiab raws txoj kev khiav tawm, yog li cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem khiav tawm sai sai thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Cov lus nug nquag
Laboratory tiv thaiv hluav taws yog dab tsi?
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Laboratory tiv thaiv hluav taws tsim yog hais txog lub architectural layout, qhov cua, cia, thiab kev ruaj ntseg cov cuab yeej npaj uas txo qhov hluav taws kub thiab explosions nyob rau hauv lub labs tuav cov tshuaj phem.
Vim li cas lub chaw soj nstuam xav tau lub tshuab cua txias?
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Cov fume hood tso pa tawm yuav tsum tsis txhob rov ua dua sab hauv tsev - lub tshuab ua pa siab tshem tawm cov vapors txaus ntshai thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa phem lossis cov pa phem.
Yuav khaws cov tshuaj li cas hauv chav kuaj?
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Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm cov khoom - cais cov kua qaub los ntawm cov hlau nquag, oxidants los ntawm kev txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom khib nyiab los ntawm cov kua - nrog kev tuav tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj reactive.
Dab tsi yog hluav taws kub- cov khoom siv tua hluav taws yuav tsum muaj txhua qhov chaw kuaj?
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Txhua lub chaw soj nstuam yuav tsum muaj phab ntsa-mounted hluav taws tua hluav taws, daim pam hluav taws, thiab nkag mus rau cov kav hluav taws xob lossis lub thawv xuab zeb, nrog rau cov khoom siv sib npaug rau lub chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb.
Lub teeb pom kev kub ntxhov ua haujlwm li cas hauv cov tsev kuaj?
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Lub teeb pom kev kub ntxhov yog siv los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thaub qab lossis cov roj teeb, rov qab teeb pom kev hauv 45 vib nas this ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob los txhawb kev khiav tawm kom nyab xeeb.
Kev txiav txim siab tsim kev tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv chav kuaj- teeb tsa lub tsev, lub tswv yim ua pa, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab hluav taws kub - cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua- yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi ntau tshaj - siv tau zoo nyob rau theem kev npaj, ua ntej kev tsim kho lossis kev yuav khoom pib. Yog tias koj tab tom ntsuam xyuas cov rooj tog hauv chav kuaj, cov fume hoods, lossis cov chaw khaws khoom ruaj ntseg rau qhov chaw tshiab lossis hloov kho tshiab,BOKA pab neeg npaj ua haujlwmtuaj yeem pab koj phim cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau koj qhov kev nyab xeeb hluav taws thiab kev ua raws cai. Sib tham los tham txog koj qhov project.